Key Talking Points
Why not Harbor for container registry?
Harbor's core development was led by VMware's Beijing R&D team (China). In sensitive contexts,
software tools must not originate from nations identified as adversarial. Nexus (Sonatype, US)
provides equivalent container registry functionality plus support for all other artifact types (Helm, npm, Maven).
Why both Trivy AND Anchore?
Different strengths, layered defense. Anchore = primary gate for container images with a rich policy engine
(approved base images, label requirements, custom rules). Trivy = complement covering IaC scanning,
filesystem scanning, and license compliance. Not redundant — complementary.
Why not just switch to GitLab?
GitLab could consolidate Jenkins + Jira + GitHub. Listed as a strategic alternative because:
migration requires rewriting all pipelines, teams need retraining, GitLab Self-Managed needs 8+ GB RAM.
Recommended as a 12-18 month consolidation project, not a Phase 1 action.
Why both Splunk AND Grafana?
Distinct concerns. Splunk = SIEM (security events, compliance audit trail, threat correlation).
Grafana + Prometheus + Loki = operational observability (app metrics, logs, SRE dashboards).
Splunk licenses by data volume — sending operational metrics to Splunk is expensive and unnecessary.
How does this work air-gapped?
Zarf (Defense Unicorns, US DoD) packages entire stack — container images, Helm charts, configs —
into a single archive. Transfer via approved media. Deploy with no internet. Internal Nexus serves all artifacts.
Cosign verification uses local keys. Updates are delta packages.
What about SLSA Level 3?
SLSA Level 3 requires: (1) non-falsifiable provenance (Cosign attestation), (2) isolated build environment
(ephemeral Jenkins agents), (3) verified dependencies (Syft SBOM + Anchore policy). Our pipeline achieves
all three: Cosign + Syft + Anchore + Kyverno = verifiable provenance from source to production.
What about licensing costs?
~80% of the stack is fully open-source (Apache/MIT/MPL). Commercial tools: Splunk (already licensed),
Chainguard (already procured), Nessus (per-scanner). Vault BSL = free for internal use. SonarQube Community
Edition is free. OSS-first approach minimizes vendor lock-in and procurement overhead.